Ilham Azhar Lubis

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I am Ilham Azhar Lubis, a graduate student of International Relations at Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia. My Research are focused on sustainable energy and economic politics.

Exclusive articles:

A debate on Indonesia’s Nickel Downstreaming: will it revive?

After losing in The Dispute settlement with the European Union at the WTO on the basis of national mineral downstream policy, especially for nickel...

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Beyond Tariffs: Why Trust, Not Trade, Will Determine the Success of the India–EU FTA

Authors: John Clarke and Suryaprabha Sadasivan* When India and the...

Has the Iran War Made Regime Change Harder

When U.S. and Israeli forces launched Operation Epic Fury...

Why the Iran War Made Turkey the Gulf’s Most Valuable Defense Partner

In 2016, Turkey's defense exports stood at $1.67 billion....

How AI Is Reducing Outsourced App Development Costs For Startups And Enterprises

App development budgets face a new test in 2026....
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