Artificial intelligence (AI) is the new hot thing in technology, however, it can implicate both positive and negative outcomes for society. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to technology that allows computers and machines to mimic human abilities such as learning, understanding, problem-solving, decision-making, creativity, and autonomy. By processing vast amounts of data and recognizing patterns, AI systems can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, making them increasingly valuable in various fields.
In recent years, much of the focus in AI research and development has shifted toward generative AI; technology capable of creating original text, images, videos, and other forms of content. AI-powered applications and devices have the ability to perceive and recognize objects, understand and respond to human language, and continuously learn from new data and experiences. These systems can also provide detailed recommendations to users and experts, enhancing decision-making processes. In some cases, AI can operate independently, reducing or even eliminating the need for direct human involvement. This ability to function autonomously is revolutionizing industries, streamlining operations, and improving efficiency across numerous sectors.
While AI is a powerful tool for innovation and creativity, it also raises serious ethical concerns. One example is AI-generated art, which has sparked debates about intellectual property rights, fair compensation for artists, and the integrity of the creative industry. In January 2023, widespread complaints emerged regarding AI models replicating and modifying existing artworks without proper attribution or consent. Just as AI challenges artistic integrity by replicating and modifying creative works without consent, it is also being weaponized to manipulate personal images, often with devastating consequences. Another unethical use of AI involves deep fake pornography. In a widely publicized case, Spanish singer Rosalía condemned an AI-generated fake image of herself, calling it an act of violence. She was not alone, at least 32 Spanish celebrities have been victims of similar AI-created explicit content. Likewise, artificial intelligence is being misused in illicit online markets, particularly on the dark web, where it serves as a mediator in illegal auctions. These unethical applications highlight the urgent need for stronger regulations and ethical safeguards in AI development and deployment.
Consequently, there is a legal void that proves itself relevant. International regulations have not yet been stated legally on what is permitted to do with any type of artificial intelligence. Each country possesses their own legislations as they see fit, but there is no common ground, except for United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/78/L adopted in March of 2024. Yet, the focus of this document is placed on sustainable development. United Nations’ resolutions are not legally binding, which opens up opportunities to misuse AI in countries that still do not have their own legislations. For example, Mexico is a country that does not have any legal statutes on how to use AI ethically. In 2023, a citizen initiative was introduced but remains under review. Overall, the key issue—particularly in developing countries—is that technological advancements have outpaced the development of legal frameworks to regulate emerging trends.
Also, bias in AI is a major ethical concern, as it can lead to discrimination, social inequalities, and digital exclusion. Bias occurs when flaws in research design, data collection, or interpretation create skewed results. AI-generated images, for instance, have been found to reinforce gender stereotypes, often depicting men and women in traditional or exaggerated roles. Such biases threaten cultural, social, and biological diversity while deepening economic and social divisions. For instance, in 2015, an MIT student reported that their face could not be recognized by facial software; it could not detect dark-skinned people until they put on a white mask. This glaring bias is not just an oversight—it reinforces systemic discrimination, leading to real-world consequences such as wrongful arrests, exclusion from essential services, and the perpetuation of racial inequalities in AI-driven decision-making.
Therefore, ethics in artificial intelligence serves as a dynamic foundation for evaluating and guiding AI technologies. It is based on human dignity, well-being, and harm prevention, drawing upon ethical principles from science and technology. The ethical development of AI is crucial to ensuring justice, trust, and fairness so that no one is left behind—whether through equitable access to AI technologies and their benefits or protection from their negative consequences. At the same time, acknowledging the ethical risks and concerns of AI should not hinder innovation and development. Instead, it should create new opportunities and encourage research and innovation conducted ethically. This approach strengthens AI technologies by grounding them in human rights, fundamental freedoms, values, principles, and ethical reflection.
When discussing artificial intelligence, people often express concerns about its ethical implications and potential risks. Many worry that AI, if not properly regulated, could lead to job displacement, biased decision-making, or even a loss of human control over critical systems. While some believe that AI can be managed ethically through strict regulations and responsible development, others fear that profit-driven motives may hinder such efforts. Despite this, artificial intelligence can be developed and implemented within ethical frameworks to improve efficiency and accessibility. Nonetheless, without strong international legislations, artificial intelligence could exacerbate social inequalities, invade privacy, and even be weaponized, making it crucial to address these issues proactively.
