Baluchistan, Pakistan’s largest province by area, has long been a region marked by complex socio-political dynamics. Protests, insurgency, and counter-insurgency operations define much of its recent history. While peaceful protest is a constitutional right for all citizens, including those in Baluchistan, the state draws a line when such movements disrupt public order or align with separatist agendas.
The right to peaceful protest is enshrined in Pakistan’s Constitution, and it applies equally to citizens in Baluchistan. However, protests in this province often take a contentious turn, disrupting public order and promoting narratives that align with separatist ambitions. Such demonstrations are perceived as a threat to national unity and stability. While dissent and dialogue are crucial in any democracy, they must occur within the boundaries of law and order. The state, therefore, views gatherings like the recent Gwadar protests not as genuine expressions of public grievances but as orchestrated events manipulated by anti-state elements to project an exaggerated image of discontent.
Baluchistan has been a battleground for terrorist groups that endanger innocent lives and undermine the state’s sovereignty. Military operations in the region aim to counter these threats and restore law and order. The state attributes much of Baluchistan’s resistance to foreign-backed insurgents rather than organic grievances. These operations are not just acts of suppression but essential measures to protect civilians and security personnel from targeted attacks. During events like the so-called Raji Mucchi, militant groups such as the Baluchistan Liberation Army (BLA) infiltrated gatherings, disguising themselves as peaceful protesters and attacking law enforcement agencies. Such actions justify the need for stringent security measures.
While individual cases of loss and disappearance evoke sympathy, they do not validate a separatist narrative that undermines the state’s efforts to maintain order. The government has taken significant steps to address the issue of missing persons, forming a commission that has resolved 78% of cases nationwide, including 84% of cases in Baluchistan. Claims of exaggerated figures by anti-state anarchists are countered by official data: of the total 10,311 cases nationwide, 8,042 have been resolved. This transparency underscores the state’s commitment to addressing legitimate grievances while dismissing manipulated statistics that serve insurgent agendas.
The involvement of women in protests against the state has drawn considerable attention. While Pakistan acknowledges and values the role of women in society, their participation in movements like those led by the Baluchistan Youth Council (BYC) is viewed with skepticism. The state alleges that such involvement is a tactical maneuver to garner sympathy and divert attention from the real issue: militancy and terrorism. Leaders like Mahrang Baloch are criticized for selectively addressing issues while refraining from condemning terrorist acts, which have a far greater genocidal impact on the local population.
The BYC, under the guise of peaceful resistance, is accused of promoting anti-state sentiments and harboring separatist agendas. Evidence suggests that militant groups like the BLA infiltrate these gatherings, further destabilizing the region. Videos from events like the Raji Mucchi reveal terrorists posing as BYC followers, attacking law enforcement agencies, and abducting soldiers on leave. Such actions expose the complicity of these groups in fostering unrest, reinforcing the need for a robust state response.
Baluchistan’s turmoil is not solely a domestic issue. External ethnic groups and foreign elements play a significant role in the province’s instability. The Gwadar protests, though large, are seen by the state as orchestrated displays by a vocal minority supported by anti-state actors. The presence of cross-border influences highlights a coordinated attempt to destabilize the region. Security measures taken during such gatherings are thus essential to prevent potential violence and safeguard national interests.
The state acknowledges the personal losses faced by individuals but emphasizes that seeking justice should occur through lawful and peaceful means. Protests manipulated by militant groups undermine state sovereignty and do little to address genuine grievances. Instead, they exacerbate divisions and delay progress toward resolution.
Pakistan remains committed to transparency in addressing the challenges in Baluchistan. Official figures on issues like missing persons are based on thorough investigations, rejecting exaggerated claims propagated by separatist elements. The government’s responsiveness is evident in the establishment of commissions and ongoing efforts to resolve remaining cases.
To foster peace and stability in Baluchistan, a multifaceted approach is essential—one that balances security measures with socio-economic development, transparency, and genuine engagement with the local population. Here are key recommendations:
- The federal and provincial governments must prioritize development initiatives that address the socio-economic disparities in Baluchistan. Investments in education, healthcare, infrastructure, and employment opportunities can alleviate the sense of neglect felt by many residents. Special attention should be given to empowering local communities, ensuring they are active participants and beneficiaries of development projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).
- A transparent and consistent dialogue with the people of Baluchistan is crucial. The government should establish platforms for direct communication with tribal leaders, civil society, and youth organizations to understand and address their concerns. By involving credible local stakeholders in decision-making, the state can counter separatist narratives and build trust.
- The issue of missing persons remains a sensitive and critical challenge. While the government has made significant progress in resolving cases, it should further expedite efforts to address remaining cases transparently and compassionately. A dedicated oversight body, comprising local and independent representatives, can monitor progress and foster confidence in the state’s sincerity.
- While military operations are necessary to counter terrorism, the state must pair them with rehabilitation and de-radicalization programs. Offering economic incentives, education, and reintegration opportunities to individuals who renounce violence can reduce recruitment into militant groups. This balanced approach ensures long-term stability.
- Encouraging political participation and representation from Baluchistan can empower local voices and strengthen their role in national decision-making. The government should support local governance initiatives, enabling the province to address its challenges autonomously within the framework of the Constitution.
- The state must strengthen its intelligence and border security to counter the influence of foreign-backed insurgencies. Diplomatic efforts should be intensified to expose and neutralize cross-border support for militant groups. Partnerships with neighboring countries can help ensure regional stability.
- A robust media strategy is essential to counter misinformation and separatist propaganda. Highlighting the government’s developmental efforts, military sacrifices, and progress on issues like missing persons can reshape public perception. The state should also encourage independent reporting to build credibility and transparency.
- While the state has expressed concerns about the misuse of women in anti-state protests, it should also recognize the potential of women as agents of positive change. Encouraging their involvement in education, entrepreneurship, and community development can foster broader social progress.
- Civil society organizations and advocacy groups operating in Baluchistan must be closely monitored to ensure they do not serve as fronts for separatist agendas. At the same time, genuine organizations advocating for social progress should be supported to contribute positively to the region’s development.
- As a linchpin of Pakistan’s economic future, Gwadar’s stability is crucial. Ensuring that development in Gwadar benefits local communities through job creation and resource sharing can address grievances. Enhanced security in the region should be accompanied by visible economic dividends for the local population.
The challenges in Baluchistan are significant but not insurmountable. A combination of inclusive development, transparent governance, and effective security measures can foster stability and prosperity. By addressing grievances while countering separatist and foreign agendas, the state can build a peaceful and unified Baluchistan. Implementing these recommendations will require sustained commitment and collaboration among all stakeholders, ensuring that the region thrives as an integral part of Pakistan’s future.
