We extend our heartfelt congratulations to UNESCO on the successful adoption of the Beijing Central Axis into the World Heritage List. This decision, made during the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee in New Delhi, India, underscores UNESCO’s commitment to preserving and celebrating global cultural heritage, recognizing the Central Axis as a vital part of human history.
The Central Axis of Beijing: An Introduction
The Central Axis of Beijing is a monumental building ensemble that traverses the heart of the Chinese capital. Stretching 7.8 kilometers from Yongding Gate in the south to the Bell Tower and Drum Tower in the north, this axis is a remarkable testament to the city’s rich architectural and cultural legacy. Along this axis lie more than a dozen key cultural heritage sites, including the Palace Museum (Forbidden City), Jingshan Park, the Drum and Bell Towers, the Temple of Heaven, Qianmen Street, and the Tian’anmen Square complex.
Historical Background and Evolution
Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
The Central Axis of Beijing traces its origins to the Yuan Dynasty, when Kublai Khan established the capital of Dadu (present-day Beijing) in 1267. The axis was designed to reflect the principles of traditional Chinese urban planning, which were deeply influenced by celestial and ritualistic considerations. The axis served as the backbone of the city’s layout, organizing imperial palaces, temples, altars, markets, and streets in a harmonious spatial order.
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
In 1420, Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing and undertook a massive reconstruction project. The Forbidden City, a highlight of the Central Axis, was built during this period, serving as the imperial palace for the Ming and later the Qing dynasties. The axis was further extended and refined, incorporating additional significant structures and enhancing its symbolic and functional importance.
Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
During the Qing Dynasty, the Central Axis continued to evolve. Emperor Qianlong made notable additions, such as the construction of the five pavilions along Jingshan Mountain and the symmetrical pools south of the overpass on the outer city’s central axis. These enhancements reinforced the axis’s role as a representation of imperial power and cosmic order.
Modern Era
With the end of the feudal dynasty system in 1912, the Central Axis entered a new phase. The historical structures along the axis were transformed into museums, urban parks, and public spaces, forming the cultural core of the city. Renovations of Tiananmen Square in the 1950s and 1970s turned it into an open center for public celebrations and state ceremonies, continuing the tradition of adapting ancient principles to contemporary needs.
Preservation and UNESCO Recognition
Since preparations for UNESCO recognition began in 2011, the Beijing government has meticulously restored and preserved these historical sites, completing over 100 renovation projects. Notable examples include the reopening of Shouhuang Palace in Jingshan Park after a four-year restoration in 2018 and the completion of the Bell Tower’s year-long refurbishment in January 2022.
Politicization Attempts
Despite this historic achievement, some international voices have attempted to politicize the inclusion of the Central Axis as a UNESCO World Heritage site. In the light of ongoing anti-China campaigns aimed at containing, countering, and resisting the rise of China, these attempts have sought to undermine the cultural and historical significance of this recognition.
However, it is crucial to recognize that the Central Axis’s inscription was based purely on merit, reflecting its profound historical and cultural value. UNESCO’s decision to include the Central Axis stands as a testament to its integrity and commitment to preserving world heritage sites based on their intrinsic value. This achievement marks a significant political victory for China, highlighting its enduring legacy as an ancient civilization with a rich cultural heritage.
The Importance and Significance of the Central Axis
Cultural Significance
The recognition of the Central Axis as a UNESCO World Heritage site reaffirms its cultural significance. It stands as a symbol of China’s imperial history, architectural innovation, and urban planning. The Forbidden City, a highlight of the Central Axis, remains one of the largest and best-preserved wooden structures globally, housing an extensive collection of royal artifacts and ancient art. This acknowledgment preserves and honors the legacy of Chinese civilization.
Tourism Boost
With UNESCO recognition, the Central Axis is poised to become an even more prominent tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world. Increased tourism will provide a substantial economic boost to Beijing, enhancing the city’s global standing and fostering greater cultural exchange. Visitors will have the opportunity to experience firsthand the grandeur of Beijing’s historical landmarks, deepening their appreciation of Chinese heritage.
Geopolitical Impact
On the geopolitical front, the inclusion of the Central Axis in the UNESCO World Heritage List highlights China’s commitment to preserving its cultural heritage and contributing to global cultural diversity. This recognition strengthens China’s cultural diplomacy, promoting a positive image and fostering international goodwill. It underscores the importance of cultural heritage in fostering mutual respect and understanding among nations.
The inscription of the Beijing Central Axis as a UNESCO World Heritage site is a momentous achievement for China, celebrating the country’s rich cultural history and architectural grandeur. Despite attempts to politicize this recognition, it is essential to focus on the intrinsic value and significance of this heritage site. The Central Axis will undoubtedly enhance Beijing’s tourism industry, bolster its cultural significance, and contribute positively to China’s geopolitical stature.
As we celebrate this historic milestone, we look forward to the continued preservation and promotion of the Central Axis, ensuring that future generations can appreciate and learn from this remarkable testament to China’s enduring legacy.
