What is G20?
The G20 is a multilateral cooperation forum consisting of 19 major countries and the European Union (EU). The G20 represents more than 60% of the world’s population, 75% of global trade, and 80% of the world’s GDP. The G20 members consist of South Africa, United States of America, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, India, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Germany, Canada, Mexico, Republic of Korea, Russia, France, China, Turkey, and the European Union.
History of the Founding of the G20
Formed in 1999 at the initiation of the G7 members, the G20 embraces developed and developing countries to jointly overcome crises, especially those that hit Asia, Russia, and Latin America. The goal of the G20 is to achieve strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive global growth.
The G20 was originally a meeting of the Ministers of Finance and Central Bank Governors. However, since 2008, the G20 has presented Heads of State in summits, and in 2010 discussions were also formed in the development sector. Since then the G20 consists of the Finance Track and the Sherpa Track. Sherpa is taken from the term for guides in Nepal, describing how the G20 Sherpas paved the way for the Summit.
G20 Meeting Type
- Summit/Summit
This is the climax of the G20 meeting process, namely the head of state/government level meeting.
- Ministerial & Deputies Meetings/Ministerial and Deputy Level Meetings
- Held in each of the main focus areas of the forum. In the Finance Track, the Ministerial Meetings are attended by the ministers of finance and central bank governors, called the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meetings (FMCBG). Meanwhile, the meeting of the deputies is called the Finance and Central Bank Deputies Meeting (FCBD).
- Working Groups
Composed of experts from G20 countries, the Working Groups tackle specific issues related to the broader G20 agenda, which are then incorporated into ministerial segments and finally the Summit.
G20 Presidency
Indonesia Holds G20 Presidency
Unlike most multilateral forums, the G20 does not have a permanent secretariat. The function of the presidency is held by one of the member states, which changes every year. As stipulated at the 2020 Riyadh Summit, Indonesia will assume the G20 presidency in 2022, with the handover taking place at the end of the Rome Summit (30-31 October 2021).
G20 Indonesia Presidency Theme 2022
“Recover Together, Recover Stronger” Through this theme, Indonesia wants to invite the whole world to work hand in hand, support each other to recover together and grow stronger and more sustainable.
Mangrove Rehabilitation
Mangrove forest is a tropical coastal vegetation community that is dominated by several types of trees that can grow and develop in tidal areas and muddy beaches. Mangrove forests are found on beaches, shallow bays, estuaries, deltas, and protected coastal areas. Mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia have the highest biodiversity in the world with a total of approximately 89 species consisting of 35 plant species, 9 shrub species, 9 liana species, 29 epiphytic species, and 2 parasitic species
There are many mangrove forests in Indonesia and almost every coastal area or estuary area has mangroves. Mangrove forest is a type of forest that is still affected by the tides because at high tide it will be flooded and at low tide, it will be free from inundation.
Mangrove forests have a good impact on estuarine areas and on humans who live around the coast. The benefits of mangrove forests are to protect the coast from abrasion, and as a place to find food and shelter for marine and land organisms. The benefits of mangrove forests for humans are raw materials for fuel, alternative food ingredients, and so on
However, along with the development of the times and the number of people living in coastal areas, some people use mangrove land as residential land by cutting down mangrove forests and also exploiting them on a large scale so that mangrove forests are decreasing. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out repair and restoration efforts so that the existing mangroves do not decrease for the future of the next generation. The introduction of mangrove rehabilitation will motivate the community to reforest the coast and coast.
Functions and Roles of Mangrove Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation of mangrove forests is carried out to restore and improve protection functions, conservation functions, and production. The rehabilitation and conservation program is intended to restore or improve the quality of stands that have been damaged and to maintain them. This is done to maintain the function of the forest both as a producer of wood, guarding seawater intrusion, and abrasion, and as a support for life
Mangrove forest rehabilitation is part of the mangrove forest management system which is an integral part of integrated coastal area management and is placed in the Watershed (DAS) framework as a management unit. The intended rehabilitation of mangrove forests is aimed at restoring damaged forest resources so that they function optimally in providing benefits to all interested parties, ensuring ecological balance and water management in watersheds (DAS) and coastal areas, and supporting the continuity of industry based on mangrove resources. This goal can be achieved if the management of the area is carried out properly, there are strong institutions, and appropriate rehabilitation technology is oriented towards clear utilization.
G20 linkages and platforms for learning about mangrove rehabilitation
Indonesia will describe its success in carrying out mangrove and peat rehabilitation to the international community at the upcoming G20 forum. This was stated by the Director-General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage (PPKL) of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) Sigit Reliantoro. KLHK Kebon Nanas Building, East Jakarta, Monday (13/6). In carrying out mangrove and peat rehabilitation, the Indonesian government has complete regulations. Starting from Presidential Regulation number 73 of 2012 concerning the National Strategy for Mangrove Ecosystem Management, to Presidential Regulation number 57 of 2016 to establish the Mangrove and Peat Restoration Agency.
“We will use this platform by involving various countries such as Congo, Peru, and others facilitated by the G20 to exchange experiences and information. If necessary, we invite them to study in Indonesia,” said Sigit. Previously, Minister of Environment and Forestry Siti Nurbaya revealed that in the G20 forum, Indonesia will bring up three main topics to be discussed, namely supporting more sustainable recovery, enhancing land and sea-based actions to support environmental protection and climate objectives, and enhancing resources mobilization to support environmental protection and climate objectives. , the three main topics that will be discussed by the G20 countries can result in solutions to environmental aspects and climate change. Another goal is also to achieve the targets set in the Paris Agreement to limit the increase in global temperature by 1.5 degrees Celsius. “The G20 countries control about 80% of the world economy but also produce around 80% of global greenhouse gas emissions and plastic pollution. But at the same time, this is a strength to be able to answer and overcome the existing challenges, “said Siti.
